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Powdered Tart Cherry Supplementation Demonstrates Benefit on Markers of Catabolism and Muscle Soreness following an Acute Bout of Intense Lower Body Resistance Exercise K Levers1, R Dalton1, E Galvan1, C Goodenough1, A O’Connor1, S Simbo1, N Barringer1, J Carter1, C Seesselberg1, YP Jung1, A Coletta1, S Mertens-Talcott2, C Rasmussen1, M Greenwood1, R Kreider1. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, 1Department of Health and Kinesiology, 2Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 Background Consumption of tart cherry juice has been reported to effectively reduce inflammation, muscle damage, and muscle soreness following bouts of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if consumption of a powdered form of tart cherries derived from tart cherry skins prior to and following intense resistance exercise promotes similar positive results as seen with tart cherry juice consumption. Methods 23 resistance trained men (20.9±2.6 yr, 14.2±5.4% body fat, 63.9±8.6 kg FFM) were matched based on relative maximal back squat strength, age, body weight, and fat free mass. Subjects were randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner capsules containing a placebo (P, n=12) or powdered tart cherries (CherryPURE® Freeze Dried Tart Cherry Powder [TC, n=11]). Participants ingested the supplements one time daily (480 mg/d) for 10-d including day of exercise up to 48-hr post-exercise. Participants performed 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM back squat exercises with 3 minutes recovery between sets, maintaining equivalent average work values between groups throughout the protocol (p=0.24). Participants rated perceptions to a standardized application of pressure using an algometer on the dominant thigh at 3 designated locations using a 10-point visual analogue scale to assess muscle soreness/tenderness over the course of the testing protocol. Fasting blood samples and VAS ratings of muscle soreness were taken pre-squat workout, 60-minutes following squat workout as well as after 24 and 48 hours of recovery and analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures. Results Pain ratings from all 3 quadriceps locations (p<0.001); AST, ALT, CK, BUN/Cr ratio, UA (p<0.001); cortisol, testosterone, and cort/test ratio (p<0.001); and RBC, HCT, TG, TotCHL (p<0.001) all demonstrated significant changes in both groups over time, but the overall Wilks’ Lambda MANOVA analysis did not reveal a significant group x time effect for any pain ratings (p=0.199); AST, ALT, CK, BUN/Cr ratio, UA (p=0.605); cortisol, testosterone, CORT/TEST ratio (p=0.35); and RBC, HCT, TG, TotCHL (p=0.42). MANOVA univariate analysis revealed significant time effects for all locations of pain ratings (p<0.001); AST, UA (p<0.001); cortisol, testosterone (p<0.001); CK (p=0.003); and CORT/TEST ratio (p=0.022) in both groups in addition to trends for both groups over time for ALT (p=0.094) and BUN/Cr ratio (p=0.059). A significant group x time quadratic effect was shown for v. lateralis [¼] pain perception (p=0.024) with a trend toward a significant cubic interaction for the v. lateralis [½] pain perception (p=0.10). No significant group x time interaction was evident in pain perception from the v. medialis [¼] (p=0.24), but a delta value trend was shown based on v. medialis [¼] pain perception differences in group assignment (p=0.10). A significant group x time linear effect was shown for UA (p=0.014) along with a trend toward a significant linear interaction (p=0.067) and a significant delta value based on group assignment for ALT (p=0.005). A trend toward a significant group x time linear effect was shown for cort/test ratio (p=0.10). No significant group x time interactions were evident for cortisol (p=0.45) and testosterone (p=0.17). Conclusion Results of this study indicate that acute supplementation with powdered tart cherries over the 7 days leading up to, during, and 2 days after intense resistance exercise helps to minimize post-training perceptions of pain in the most biomechanically loaded regions of the quadriceps muscle group associated with the back squat compared to a placebo. Additionally, powdered tart cherry supplementation helped attenuate the hepatic response of ALT and catabolic/antioxidant response of UA following a bout of intense resistance exercise. Overall, these findings suggest that supplementation with a powdered tart cherry product surrounding an intense endurance event reduces pain perception in addition to hepatic and catabolic stress in the post-exercise period. Further research is necessary to determine long-term supplementation effects with resistance training. Supported by Anderson Global Group, LLC (Irvine, CA) and Shoreline Fruit, LLC (Traverse City, MI)
Powdered Tart Cherry Supplementation Moderates Post-Exercise Immunosuppression, Total Cholesterol, and Antioxidant Status with No Effect on Performance Recovery following an Acute Bout of Intense Lower Body Resistance Exercise R Dalton1,K Levers1, E Galvan1, C Goodenough1, A O’Connor1, S Simbo1, N Barringer1, J Carter1, C Seesselberg1, YP Jung1, A Coletta1, S Mertens-Talcott2, C Rasmussen1, M Greenwood1, R Kreider1. Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, 1Department of Health and Kinesiology, 2Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 Background Consumption of tart cherry juice has been reported to effectively reduce inflammation, muscle damage, and muscle soreness following bouts of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if consumption of a powdered form of tart cherries derived from tart cherry skins prior to and following intense resistance exercise promotes similar positive results as seen with tart cherry juice consumption. Methods 23 resistance trained men (20.9±2.6 yr, 14.2±5.4% body fat, 63.9±8.6 kg FFM) were matched based on relative maximal back squat strength, age, body weight, and fat free mass. Subjects were randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner capsules containing a placebo (P, n=12) or powdered tart cherries (CherryPURE® Freeze Dried Tart Cherry Powder [TC, n=11]). Participants ingested the supplements one time daily (480 mg/d) for 10-d including day of exercise up to 48-hr post-exercise. Participants performed 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM back squat exercises with 3 minutes recovery between sets, maintaining equivalent average work values between groups throughout the protocol (p=0.24). Isokinetic knee extension/flexion maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and fasting blood samples were taken pre-squat workout, 60-minutes following squat workout as well as after 24 and 48 hours of recovery and analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures. Results Overall changes in WBC, LYMPH (p<0.001), extension/flexion MVCs (p<0.001), and RBC, HCT, TG, TotCHL (p=0.048) were observed in both groups over time, but the overall Wilks’ Lambda MANOVA analysis did not reveal a significant group x time effect for WBC and LYMPH (p = 0.39); extension/flexion MVCs (p=0.83); RBC, HCT, TG, and TotCHL (p=0.42). MANOVA univariate analysis revealed significant effects in LYMPH (p<0.001) in both groups over time, but no significant effects were observed over time in WBC (p=0.151). A significant group x time linear effect was shown for LYMPH (p=0.013) in addition to a trend toward a significant delta value based on group assignment for LYMPH (p=0.10). MANOVA univariate analysis revealed a significant group x time linear effect for LYMPH (p=0.013) with a delta value trend based on differences in group assignment (p=0.10). An overall trend for SOD and TAS changes in both groups over time (p=0.076) was demonstrated, but the overall MANOVA analysis did not reveal a significant group x time effect (p = 0.29). Further, a group x time cubic effect for SOD (p=0.046) was indicated in the univariate analysis. MANOVA uni-variate analysis indicated a significant group x time linear effect for TotCHL (p=0.009) with a significant delta value based on group assignment (p=0.014). No significant group x time effects were found for RBC (p=0.97), HCT (p=0.76), and TG (p=0.46). MANOVA univariate analysis revealed significant effects for all EXT MVCs [I-III] (p<0.001) in both groups over time, but no significant group x time effects were found for all FLEX MVCs [I] (p=0.25), [II] (p=0.21), [III] (p=0.46). Conclusion Results of this study indicate that short-term supplementation with powdered tart cherries over the 7 days leading up to, during, and 2 days after intense resistance exercise aids in overcoming the post-exercise immunosuppression (PEIS) phenomenon typically seen in trained athletes as indicated by a significantly greater post-exercise LYMPH response compared to the placebo. Further, as a result of powdered tart cherry supplementation compared to a placebo, the SOD response was also significantly lower suggesting a diminished release of ROS in response to the resistance exercise bout. Performance recovery as assessed from isokinetic knee extension and flexion exercise was unaffected by supplementation with powdered tart cherry versus a placebo. Overall, these findings suggest that supplementation with a powdered tart cherry product surrounding an intense endurance event reduces the effect of PEIS in trained individuals, total serum cholesterol levels, and the free radical response typically associated with intense resistance exercise. Further research is necessary to determine long-term supplementation effects with resistance training. Supported by Anderson Global Group, LLC (Irvine, CA) and Shoreline Fruit, LLC (Traverse City, MI) |